​Everyone has mood swings.  There are highs, lows and everything in between.  A mood disorder is when someone experiences inordinately long periods of extreme emotion, which can be happiness or sadness or both.  The most common mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder.
 
Depression
This is the more common mood disorder.  Depression can occur with a traumatic life event like loss of a loved one, loss of a job, major illness, etc.  It can also be spontaneous.   

• Postpartum depression – This is a depression associated with pregnancy and may occur during the pregnancy or following delivery.
• Persistent Depressive Disorder – This is sometimes referred to as dysthymia.  This is a depression that will last for two years or more.  The symptoms may lessen during that time, but although less severe, they still remain.
• Psychotic Depression – This is a severe form of the disorder that involves hallucinations and delusions.
• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) – This is one you hear about generally during the winter especially if it is a winter with consistently overcast skies or weather that keeps people indoors.
• Medically Related – This comes about due to medication side effects, substance abuse or during a medical condition.

 
Bipolar Disorder
This has also been called manic-depression.  These are episodes of severe depression alternating with extreme activity and elation (mania).

• Bipolar I – Classified as the most severe form of the disease, the episodes will last a minimum of a week, depression will last for up to two weeks, and both the mania and depression can occur simultaneously.
• Bipolar II – This is a less severe form of the disease.  The mania is less intense and these people can frequently handle activities of daily living.
• Cyclothymia – People with this illness have continuous but irregular mood swings that may vary from mild to moderate levels but for extended periods of time.  There are usually only short periods of normalcy and the mood changes can occur quickly.
• Other – If someone has abnormal mood changes but does not fit into any of the above categories, it is placed in the catchall “other” diagnosis.  These include premenstrual dysphoric disorder and intermittent explosive disorder.

 
Symptoms
While the symptoms will vary depending on the type of mood disorder here are some indicators:

• Depression
  • Sadness daily or most of the time
  • Low to no energy
  • Feelings of low self worth
  • Loss of appetite, weight gain
  • Sleep issues
  • Difficulty focusing
  • Thoughts of death and suicide
• Bipolar
  • Unusually rapid speech or movements
  • Grandiosity
  • Agitation
  • Racing thoughts
  • Insomnia to the extreme
  • Feeling edgy for no apparent reason
  • Overly risk taking like gambling or reckless driving

 
The cause for mood disorders can include genetic (family history), biological, and environmental.  Bipolar disorders are associated with the structure and function in the brain.  Our psychiatrists in Houston are considered experts in mood disorders.  If you believe you may be experiencing a mood disorder, contact us today.

Everyone has times when they are sad, lose interest, or are anxious.  However, when these feelings persist, it can lead to a number of emotional and even physical problems.  As these feelings grow, the individual may develop difficulty with basic activities like personal hygiene and managing meals. 
 
Depression is a medical condition that can improve with treatment or decline with lack of intervention. 
 
It can begin as a result of a traumatic event like the loss of a loved one, divorce, unemployment, etc.  It can also be a result of a family history of mood disorders.  If as a child you experienced some traumatic event, there can be some lingering feelings that need to be resolved.  Medical conditions can also lead to a depressive state.  Sometimes these are medication induced and sometimes the realization that you are no longer in control of certain bodily functions.
 
The good news is this is a treatable condition.  There are some medications and certainly therapeutic remedies available.  Here are some of the more common symptoms of clinical depression.

• Sadness, gloom, excessive crying
• Feeling of emptiness
• Outbursts of anger, especially over trivial issues
• Excessive sleeping or continual insomnia
• Eating disorders like overeating or reduced appetite
• Loss of interest in a favorite activity or hobby
• Slow reactions like speaking or thinking; inability to follow conversations
• Thoughts or actions of self harm

 
There can be many differences in how children and adolescents experience depression.  This can include refusing to attend classes, insecurity shown through clinging to a person or object, and eating disorders.  Because of the extensive hormonal changes, teenage depression can sometimes be overlooked.  Some warning signs include sudden poor academic performance, use of recreational drugs or alcohol, and social isolation.
 
Likewise, older adults may often consider sadness a normal part of the aging process. This is incorrect. Some things to watch for are personality changes, avoiding group activities and gatherings, and, again, self harm.  Abrupt changes in the aging process is a sign that something is  wrong.  
 
If you feel that you are depressed, it is important to seek help from a reputable mental health professional.  If you simply have concerns, start by speaking with a trusted friend, relative, religious leader, or someone whose opinion you value.  There are also toll-free services for you to call and discuss your feelings.  These are manned by impartial but caring individuals who can help you understand your feelings and the next steps to take.
 
If you are a relative or friend, you can also find a service to help you cope with the situation.  There are reliable techniques that can be beneficial.
 
Any attempts at self harm should be taken seriously and place a call to 911 emergency services immediately. 

Depression counseling is effective for clinical depression. Depression can pose a serious mental health issue for those who suffer from it, and it can come in many forms such as:

• Major depressive order
• Persistent depressive order
• Seasonal affective disorder
• Postpartum depression
• Bipolar disorder

 
The symptoms include sadness, loss of enjoyment in things that previously held interest, difficulty concentrating and more.  However, depression responds quite well to therapeutic counseling and anti-depressant medications.  The individual will need to find an appropriate counselor, psychotherapist, or psychologist.  This professional will be able to help the person find the root cause of the problem and then develop effective strategies to cope with the situation and others that may arise in the future.
 
Treatment for depression is often called “talk therapy”.  Counseling is frequently the first step or even the solution for mild or moderate depression.  If the condition is severe, the patient may consider seeing a licensed psychiatrist for pharmaceuticals to bridge the gap.
 
The counselor will start by determining the extent of the depression and how long they have been experiencing it.  He or she will also determine the severity of the disorder.  If the onset is fairly recent and does not have deeper impact on other feelings, a counselor is a good choice.  On the other hand, with a more severe case, the patient may be referred to another therapist if a specific specialist is warranted.
 
The treatment will involve discussions between the patient and therapist to understand the underlying issues.  Homework assignments may be recommended to help track moods and situations.  The counselor will also adjust any sessions depending on the progress of the patient.  Another method is the use of interpersonal therapy that deals with conflict of personalities and with an inadequate social support system that can lead to depression.
 
The ultimate goal is to discover the underlying causes for these thoughts, feelings, and the resulting behaviors.  With that knowledge the individual can develop alternatives and coping mechanisms to work through current issues and to help with future situations.  This is a patient focused therapy where the individual is an active participant in the decisions.
 
An important factor is finding the right mental health professional that suits the patient.  Because the therapy is one-on-one and highly personal, it may take several tries before the connection is made.  Start by asking your family practice doctor or working through a mental health facility in your area.  When you have some names, go online and read about them.  Frequently they will list their preferred forms of treatment and specialties.  
 
The important thing to realize is that there is a good success rate in treating depression.  There are a number of different types of approaches and effective medications.  Getting help and resolving the problem is a reachable goal.  Call us today for an assessment.