​Physician burnout is a world-wide phenomenon that has increased during recent decades. Various sources report that roughly half of physicians display burnout symptoms. This article looks beyond past burnout stereotypes to its global definition, associated signs, and contributors. Assessment resources and methods are presented and discussed.

Although article content touches on the overall risks burnout presents within healthcare systems, the primary focus is on those physicians at risk for and suffering because of burnout’s toll. Heightening awareness of this occupational phenomenon is required to identify and research solutions, particularly by linking contributors with systems and organizational function.

Burnout Basics
The history of burnout dates back to the 1970s and 80s when Freudenberger described a set of symptoms as “burn-out.” Christina Maslach with the Maslach burnout inventory has provided further discussion and study of this phenomenon, including its occurrence among medical personnel. Regardless of occupation, Maslach and colleagues describe three definitions, or indicators, of burnout, those being:

• Emotional exhaustion,
• Depersonalization, and
• Low personal accomplishment.

Each of these three definitions is associated with various signs discussed in burnout literature and included in the World Health Organization (WHO) description. It notes that burnout is an occupational phenomenon that is listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The ICD-11 has added detail to the definition provided in the ICD-10. The updated definition includes signs found throughout burnout literature, such as:

• Energy depletion,
• Mental distancing from work, often with associated cynicism, and
• Reduction in professional efficacy.

WHO makes particular note that burnout is not a medical condition. Rather, it refers specifically to phenomena in the occupational context and is not appropriate for application to other areas of one’s life. This point is especially vital when considering burnout contributors, much as occurs in this article’s primary section.

Various relatively current sources indicate the rate of reported and/or assessed burnout at almost 1 in every 2 physicians. In a 2019 report, 44% of more than 15,000 physicians in at least 30 specialties reported to Medscape that they feel burned out. This reflects a steady increase since 2013.

Levels of burnout across specialties range from 28 to 54%. Women are more likely than men to report burnout with data comparisons of 50 to 39%, although males accounted for 60% of survey respondents. Self-report of burnout, as applied in the Medscape report, has been noted to have an accuracy rate 72% of the time when compared with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Although this is older data, it is worthy of consideration given the proportion of physicians reporting burnout at an increasing rate.

Burnout: Its Definition and How It’s Assessed    This article’s opening paragraphs provided burnout definitions presented by Maslach and the WHO as part of an overview discussion. Burnout assessment involves expanded discussion of its definition with particular emphasis on how it is described by those living with feelings associated with burnout.  

Definition Overview
Although emotional exhaustion has been noted to be a primary burnout indicator, others report that depersonalization is more likely associated with negative outcomes. These physicians have high cynicism scores, reflective of being detached and uncaring. Those who score high in emotional exhaustion report feeling over-extended as well as physically and emotionally drained. A high inefficacy score is related to physicians having diminished confidence and doubting that their work matters. It is reported that healthcare burnout researchers omit low personal accomplishment, replacing it with job satisfaction measures.

Burnout Assessment
The National Academy of Medicine (NAM) provides information about valid and reliable instruments for measuring burnout and other related factors. The page links to sources that offer additional guidance for organizations. It presents the most commonly used assessment as being The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) that assesses the three areas noted above and measurement of workplaces factors that may be contributing to burnout.

Mind Garden offers the MBI and other assessments. The Maslach Burnout Toolkit for medical personnel includes, as part of its survey, items that measure work environment factors that may contribute to burnout. The entire assessment, including workplace and individual measures, can be completed in about 30 minutes. Discussion presented by the NAM and other researchers indicate successful use of a limited number of MBI queries to improve response rates.

Woven within discussion in the resources presented thus far are burnout contributors. Given that about half of physicians report regular feelings of burnout, there is compelling need to examine contributing factors. Doing so leads to inquiry that ultimately can provide solutions.

Burnout: The Burden of Contributors
This article examines contributors that are systems and/or organizational in origin. Doing so is well supported in medical burnout literature, including resources cited here. Consider that burnout among physicians is double that of other American workers, even with controls applied.

At times, this discussion seems personal. That is because loss of sleep, financial concerns, and extended work hours are just that—very personal. As are concerns about depression, coping mechanisms, and work/life imbalance.

The 2019 Medscape report asked respondents to report on what contributed most to burnout. Almost 60% indicated this to be too many bureaucratic tasks including charting and paperwork. The next highest ranked at 34% was too much time at work, followed by increases in technology use such as EHRs/EMRs at 32%, and lack of respect from administrators and colleagues at 30%.

Burnout’s root causes noted above are affected by organizational structure and functionality. Consider how healthcare organizations and systems affect these contributors:

1. Lack of power/control: Physicians who have historically served in leadership roles that guide clinical decisions have had to relinquish these to administrators. This power shift toward business models causes concerns that the focus is now on money, rather than on optimum patient care and physician satisfaction.
   • There is a notable increase of burnout for those who spend less than 20% of their work effort on personally meaningful endeavors.
2. QI programs: “Quality Improvement“ (QI) programs that require more paperwork,  another bureaucratic, busy-work burden for physicians. It fulfills a requirement rather than encouraging professional systems in which physicians develop their own QI strategies by listening to patients to continually enrich practice expertise. 
   • From the same report noted in item 1, there is burnout increase due to “clerical burden.”
3. Inefficient workflow: Clinical functions should be stream-lined to benefit the medical professionals providing patient care by having non-medical tasks efficiently handled by staff. This approach frees time to see more patients, increase revenue, and allow you to do the most enjoyable part of medicine – seeing patients.
4. Electronic medical records (EMR’s) were designed to increase productivity and efficiency though that has not come to fruition. Moving through numerous pages or screens to complete an encounter is neither efficient nor satisfying.  
   • These are regularly cited as a burden, including the task of physician order entry with computers.
5. Staff shortcomings: Physicians are caring individuals who believe staff are trustworthy and able to complete tasks efficiently. Regardless of cause, when an employee does not meet job expectations, it is time to document their behavior and have a personal discussion about short-comings. Inability to improve needs to result in termination.
6. The 2019 Medscape study noted lack of respect from patients as a 16% cause of physician burnout. This can cause practitioners to feel abused and powerless, especially considering the added effects of those 30% of physicians who reported burnout due to lack of respect from employers, colleagues, and staff.
7. Lack of leadership training: There has been a recent rise in physicians starting a private practice. Although taking this step can be stressful, it is very rewarding to design a clinic around your needs and those of your patients. Once the clinic is up and running, many physicians run into issues that require a firm handle on leadership, financial, legal, and marketing skills. Think too of how lack of physician leadership training limits workplace functionality without fully accessing the decision-making capacity of bright, caring professionals.

It is particularly relevant to consider all of the above in relation to reports that organizations that offer physicians control over workplace issues result in higher professional satisfaction and less stress.

Other burnout contributors are associated with workload and workplace culture. Added to these are a physician culture that would benefit from shorter shifts, heightened peer support, and reversal of blame. Until workplace factors improve, these contributors to burnout will continue:

1. Skipping lunch: Physicians may habitually skip lunch or eat a snack while charting to complete documentation and catch up due to workload and workplace inefficiencies. If the workplace culture condones this practice, physicians sacrifice their deserved breaks and mealtime.
2. 50+ hour work weeks: The 2019 Medscape survey notes that burnout reporting increases with number of hours worked. Emotional exhaustion sets in, particularly as practitioners sacrifice their personal and family needs. Towards the end of a 60-hour week, physicians wonder how many others lack the mental stamina to maintain their high level of work.  Each additional hour of work and night or weekend call increases burnout risk by 3 to 9%. Think of how quickly that adds up.
3. High Debt is common among physicians due to extended education that is expensive and not sufficiently relieved by loan forgiveness incentives. There is then the draw to accept added hours to meet financial obligations, adding to the catch-22 of burnout. 
4. Neglecting sleep at the end of a long day or week is tempting in order for physicians to spend time with family, friends, or participating in a hobby. Balancing these with household responsibilities leaves physicians stretched thin and sleep suffering. Sleep deprivation and exhaustion affect the quality of patient care and an overall drop in mood/patience.
5. Ignoring one’s own advice. It is fascinating to listen to physicians complaining about their patients not following preventive care tips and healthy habits when they themselves aren’t doing so either. If patients take the advice, so should physicians. Caring for self and monitoring one’s own health are hallmarks of wellness.
6. Vitamin D deficiency. The evidence supporting vitamin D deficiencies and depression is mixed, yet everyone should get some quality time outdoors. Enjoying the sunlight and getting outside is quite refreshing. Consider the value of workplaces that encourage all staff to get outside to enjoy and appreciate nature and soak up some vitamin D.
7. Charting on weekends is unpaid work. Apparently there are healthcare settings in which physicians save their charting for the weekends. The idea of procrastinating on documentation and then trying to remember what was done days ago is likely associated with job dissatisfaction and workplace issues. 
8. Under-utilization of other professionals such as attorneys and accountants. Physicians have invested over a decade achieving an education to be excellent physicians. They know patient care, yet have not learned about tax laws, investing, home repair, and the basics of contracts. Unless physicians outsource these tasks to improve work/life balance by enjoying off-time, burnout concerns will continue.

This article’s broad discussion of physician burnout prompts a number of questions about workplace factors, the effects of burnout on patient outcomes, and how to transform healthcare systems. Each contributor to physician burnout holds answers on how to improve systems, from education to documentation, on behalf of physicians, those they care for, and those who care for these noble practitioners. As noted on one of the Mind Garden physician burnout solutions pages, “In order to fully remedy and prevent burnout, solutions must focus on organization change—not personal change.”  
 
Request Dr. Jared Heathman for speaking engagements on physician burnout.  Contact our office at 281-849-4080 with your information for further details.
 
References 
Dyrbye, L. N., Shanafelt, T. D., Sinsky, C. A., Cipriano, P. F., Bhatt, J., Ommaya, A.,…Meyers, D. (2017). Burnout among healthcare professionals: A call to explore and address this unrecognized threat to safe, high-quality care. Retrieved from https://medschool.ucsd.edu/som/hear/resources/Documents/Burnout-Among-Health-Care-Professionals-A-Call-to-Explore-and-Address-This-Underrecognized-Threat.pdf
 
Kane, L. (2019). Medscape national physician burnout, depression & suicide report, 2019.
 
Mind Garden. (2018). Maslach burnout tool for medical personnel. Retrieved from https://www.mindgarden.com/documents/Maslach-Burnout-Toolkit-for-Medical-Personnel-Intro-Sheet.pdf
 
Mind Garden. (2019). Physician burnout solutions. Retrieved from https://www.mindgarden.com/content/34-physician-burnout-solutions#horizontalTab1
 
National Academy of Medicine. (2020). Action collaborative on clinician well-being and resilience. Retrieved from https://nam.edu/initiatives/clinician-resilience-and-well-being/
 
Ostrov, B. F. (2018). Stanford’s chief wellness officer aims to end physician burnout. Retrieved from https://californiahealthline.org/news/stanfords-chief-wellness-officer-aims-to-prevent-physician-burnout/
 
Stehman, C. R., Testo, Z., Gershaw, R. S., & Kellogg, A. R. (2019). Burnout, dropout, suicide: Physician loss in emergency medicine, Part I. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 20(3): 485-494. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6526882/
 
West, C. P., Dyrbye, L. N., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2018). Physician burnout: Contributors, consequences, & solutions. Journal of Internal Medicine, 283(6): 516-529. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/joim.12752
 
World Health Organization. (2019). Burn-out an “occupational phenomenon”: International Classification of Diseases. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/burn-out/en/

If you’re an athlete or just love sports, you probably spend a lot of time training your body. You stretch. You lift weights. You practice your swing or your shot. You push yourself to get stronger and faster. How often do you focus on the most important part of your game, your mind?

That’s where a sports therapist can impact a huge impact.

Sports therapists aren’t just for professional athletes. Whether you’re a high school athlete, a weekend warrior, or a college player, a sports therapist can help you perform better, recover faster, and enjoy your sport more.

Did you know that the reigning MLB champions, the Houston Astros, have a full-time sports therapist on staff. Why? It turns out that even the best athletes in the world need help staying mentally strong, focused, and free of mental turmoil. If therapy can help them reach the top of their game, just imagine what it could do for you.

Let’s explore all the ways a sports therapist could maximize your life!

1. Mental Skills Training: Strengthening the Mind Behind the Muscles
​Playing sports isn’t just about physical ability. Mental strength can make or break your performance. Think about the pressure of taking the final shot in a basketball game, standing on the pitcher’s mound with the bases loaded, or needing a perfect routine in gymnastics to qualify for the finals. In those moments, your thoughts matter just as much as your skills.  If you question your performance, you are much more likely to make a mistake.

A sports therapist can teach you important mental skills like:

• Goal-setting: Learning how to set clear, realistic, and motivating goals can provide more direction and purpose.
• Visualization: This technique helps you mentally rehearse your performance, which can build confidence and reduce anxiety.
• Relaxation and stress management: Deep breathing and mindfulness can help calm your nerves before and during a competition.
• Focus and concentration: Blocking out distractions that can throw you off.
• Positive self-talk: How you speak to yourself matters.

Example: Have you ever watched a Texas Christian University (TCU) baseball game? Their hitters all seem calm and confident when they step up to the plate. That’s no accident. Most of them work with the same sports therapist to develop a consistent mental approach to each pitch. They’ve trained their minds to stay focused, no matter the pressure.

2. Performance Enhancement: Unlocking Your Full Potential
Have you ever felt like something is holding you back even when you’re training hard and doing everything right? Maybe you freeze up during games, lose motivation, or struggle with confidence. These invisible barriers can stop you from reaching your full potential.

A sports therapist can help you identify what’s going on mentally that could be getting in your way. Maybe it’s fear of failure, pressure from adults, or comparing yourself too much to teammates. Whatever it is, your therapist can work with you to:

• Recognize and manage performance anxiety
• Understand how your thoughts affect your results
• Build confidence in high-pressure moments
• Learn new ways to stay motivated, even during tough seasons

Example: Have you ever heard of the "yips"? It’s a real thing. The yips are a sudden and mysterious loss of ability in athletes.  It is more commonly discussed in golf and baseball. A pitcher who suddenly can’t find the strike zone or a golfer who can’t make a short putt might be experiencing the yips. It’s a mental problem. A sports therapist can help athletes work through the fear, anxiety, and self-doubt that lead to these moments.

3. Injury Rehabilitation: Healing Your Mind as You Heal Your Body
Injuries are part of almost every athlete’s journey. Whether it’s a torn ACL, a broken wrist, or chronic pain that won’t go away, being sidelined can be incredibly frustrating. You might feel angry, depressed, or even question whether you’ll ever play again.

A sports therapist helps you manage these emotions. They don’t treat your physical injury.  That is your doctor or physical therapist’s job. Sports therapists can help you:

• Cope with the sadness, stress, or anxiety that often comes with injury
• Stay mentally strong during rehab to engage in the physical therapy
• Maintain a positive outlook even when progress is slow
• Rebuild confidence when returning to play

Example: Let’s say you’ve just injured your knee and can’t play for six months. You’re watching your teammates continue without you. You feel left out, unmotivated, and afraid you’ll fall behind. A sports therapist can help you process these feelings, stay connected to your team, and stay mentally ready for your comeback.

4. Team Building: Helping You and Your Teammates Work Better Together
​Sports are rarely a solo activity. Whether you play baseball, basketball, football, soccer, or volleyball, your team’s success depends on how well you work together. That means communication, trust, and shared goals are just as important as talent.

Sports therapists can work with entire teams to:

• Improve communication on and off the field
• Build mutual respect and trust among teammates
• Help resolve conflicts before they turn into bigger problems
• Strengthen team identity and culture

Example: Think about a football team where the players don’t trust each other, argue on the sidelines, or ignore the coach. That team isn’t going to win many games, no matter how talented they are. A sports therapist can step in and lead workshops or group sessions to improve team dynamics and help everyone get on the same page.

Team therapy can also include things like leadership training for captains, strategies for improving morale, and goal-setting sessions that involve the whole squad. Team chemistry matters which is why many professional teams hire veterans that understand and know the process.  Some veterans may be past their prime, but they contribute more to the team than just physical ability.

5. Career Transitions: Navigating Big Changes in Your Sports Journey
What happens when your sports career changes, or even ends? This can be one of the hardest challenges an athlete faces. Maybe you’re graduating high school and not going on to play in college. Maybe you’re leaving college sports behind and aren’t going pro. What is next?

Sports therapists help athletes navigate these big life changes by:

• Exploring new roles in sports (coaching, mentoring, officiating)
• Finding new sources of purpose and identity
• Dealing with the sadness that comes with letting go of a big part of your life
• Planning for the future while honoring your athletic past

Example: Imagine you’ve played basketball since you were six years old. It’s been part of your identity for most of your life. Now, at 22, you’re finishing college and know you won’t be continuing professionally. That transition can be emotional and scary. A sports therapist can help.

Sports Therapy Isn’t Just for Pros
You don’t have to be a professional athlete to benefit from sports therapy. Whether you’re on your school team, local league, or just enjoy staying active, your mind plays a huge role in how you perform and how much you enjoy your sport.

Here’s a quick summary of how a sports therapist can help:

• Teach you mental strategies to perform under pressure
• Help you break through slumps
• Support your emotional recovery from injuries
• Improve your team’s communication and chemistry
• Guide you through tough transitions

You train your body to get better. Why not train your mind, too?


If you’re serious about taking your game to the next level, consider reaching out to a sports therapist. It might be the smartest play you've ever made.

​Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD, is a neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. This disorder can be characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, which can make it difficult for individuals to function in their daily lives. Although ADHD is typically diagnosed in childhood, it can also be diagnosed in adulthood. If you or a loved one may have ADHD, seeking treatment can be life-changing.  Give us a call for a thorough evaluation.  In this article, we will discuss the top 10 reasons why you should get treatment for ADHD.

1. Improve academic or work performance 

One of the most common reasons people seek treatment for ADHD is to improve their academic or work performance. The symptoms of ADHD can make it difficult for individuals to focus and concentrate, leading to poor performance in school or at work. However, with proper treatment, individuals with ADHD can learn coping mechanisms and strategies to help them stay focused and productive.

2. Enhance interpersonal relationships 

ADHD can also impact interpersonal relationships, particularly in romantic relationships and friendships. People with ADHD may struggle to communicate effectively, remember important dates or events, or prioritize tasks. This can lead to frustration and misunderstandings between individuals. Treatment for ADHD can help improve communication skills, increase the ability to remember important details, and prioritize tasks, leading to stronger and healthier relationships.

3. Reduce impulsivity 

Impulsivity is a common symptom of ADHD, which can lead to impulsive decisions and behaviors. This can include anything from impulsive spending to engaging in risky behaviors, such as substance abuse or unsafe sexual practices. Seeking treatment for ADHD can help individuals learn to manage their impulses and make more thoughtful decisions.

4. Decrease anxiety and depression 

Individuals with ADHD are at a higher risk for developing anxiety and depression. This is partly due to the challenges of managing the symptoms of ADHD, as well as the potential for negative feedback from others. Seeking treatment for ADHD can help individuals manage their symptoms, which can lead to a decrease in anxiety and depression.

5. Improve sleep 

ADHD can also impact sleep, with individuals often struggling to fall asleep or stay asleep. This can lead to fatigue and other negative consequences, such as poor academic or work performance. Treatment for ADHD can help individuals learn coping mechanisms to improve sleep habits, leading to better overall health and wellness.

6. Increase self-esteem 

The challenges of managing ADHD can take a toll on an individual's self-esteem. Seeking treatment for ADHD can help individuals learn to manage their symptoms and develop coping mechanisms, which can increase self-esteem and confidence.

7. Improve physical health 

Untreated ADHD can have negative impacts on overall physical health, with individuals often struggling with higher blood pressure, obesity, and sleep issues. Poor time management leads to more frequent use of fast food, neglecting gym time, and getting stuck longer at the office.  Seeking treatment for ADHD can help individuals manage these symptoms, leading to better overall health and wellness.

8. Learn coping mechanisms 

Individuals with ADHD can learn valuable coping mechanisms through treatment, which can be useful throughout their lives. Coping mechanisms can include anything from meditation and mindfulness to cognitive-behavioral therapy. Learning coping mechanisms can help individuals manage their symptoms and lead a more fulfilling life.

9. Decrease risk of substance abuse 

Individuals with ADHD are at a higher risk for substance abuse, as they may turn to drugs or alcohol as a way to manage their symptoms. Seeking treatment for ADHD can help individuals learn alternative coping mechanisms, which can decrease the risk of substance abuse.

10. Improve overall quality of life 

Finally, seeking treatment for ADHD can improve overall quality of life. By learning to manage symptoms and developing coping mechanisms, individuals with ADHD can lead a more fulfilling life, with better academic or work performance, stronger relationships, and better overall health and wellness.

In conclusion, seeking treatment for ADHD can be life-changing. It can improve academic or work performance, enhance interpersonal relationships, reduce impulsivity, and decrease the odds of other mental health conditions.  Call us today at 281-849-4080.

A few years ago, I sat across from a patient named Marcus (name anonymized). He was a 32-year-old veteran who had returned home from deployment overseas. Though the war was behind him, something inside him didn't adjust well. He had trouble sleeping, flinched at loud sounds, and avoided crowds. “I feel like I left part of myself over there,” he told me. “And I don’t know how to get it back.”

Marcus wasn’t alone. In fact, patients like Marcus walk into my office every week.  While some are from military backgrounds, other patients have never held a weapon. Many are survivors of accidents, childhood abuse, sexual assault, natural disasters, or even toxic workplaces. The one thing they all have in common? The lingering effects of trauma.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, or PTSD, is a condition where your brain keeps reacting like danger is still present but long after the threat is gone. And while PTSD has existed for generations, it’s clear that we’re seeing more of it today than ever before. Why?

Let me walk you through what I’ve seen in my work, and what the research shows. It’s not just about wars or violence. PTSD is becoming more common because of a perfect storm of social, medical, and cultural changes. Let’s explore why.

1. We Finally Know What to Look For
Decades ago, people with PTSD were often misdiagnosed or not diagnosed at all. Soldiers returning from war were told they had “shell shock” or “battle fatigue.” Survivors of abuse were told to “just move on.” But today, we know that trauma can leave deep scars on the mind, just as real as any broken bone.


Healthcare providers are now trained to recognize symptoms like nightmares, flashbacks, emotional numbness, and constant alertness. We know PTSD can affect children and adults, men and women, survivors of combat and survivors of neglect. Because we know more, we see more and we’re finally calling it what it is.

2. Less Time to Heal
Imagine two soldiers: one returns home in the 1940s on a ship that takes weeks to cross the ocean. He’s surrounded by fellow soldiers, sharing stories and decompressing.  The other returns today on a five-hour flight, is home by dinner,  and is expected to pick up right where he left off.  No time to process. No time to grieve.


That’s not just happening in the military. All around us, people are expected to bounce back fast. Someone is assaulted on a Friday night, and by Monday morning they’re back at work. A child witnesses a car accident, and by the next day, they’re expected to perform well in school. Our fast-paced world gives little room for emotional recovery.


In the past, communities rallied around each other after hardship. Today, we’re often left to suffer silently, buried under expectations and deadlines.

3. A World Filled with Trauma
When my parents were growing up, news came once a day. Now, we get alerts in real-time: school shootings, bombings, hurricanes, social unrest.  Each headline feels personal.  Each video hits like a punch to the chest.


Even if you weren’t there, just watching the footage can cause distress. This is called vicarious trauma. We may not have been in the disaster zone, but we feel like we were. And for people already under stress, this can tip the scales into PTSD.


Social media also plays a role. Graphic content is shared widely and quickly, often without warnings. For young people especially, this nonstop exposure can wire the brain to expect danger, even when safe.

4. Trauma Isn’t Always One Big Thing
Another shift is how trauma happens. In the past, it was often a single, shocking event. But more and more, I see patients who have endured chronic trauma.


People like Eva, who grew up in a household where yelling and fear were daily occurrences or Jordan, who endured years of being bullied at school. These aren’t “one-time” events, but they stack up over time, wearing down the brain’s ability to cope.


This kind of long-term trauma can be just as damaging as war or disaster. But because it happens slowly, it’s often harder to recognize until the symptoms explode.

5. More Survivors of Sexual Trauma Are Speaking Up
Sexual assault is one of the leading causes of PTSD, especially for women. And sadly, the number of reported cases has increased, especially on college campuses and within vulnerable communities.


Part of this rise is due to greater awareness. More people feel empowered to come forward, and that’s a good thing. But it also means we’re uncovering just how widespread this trauma is.


Behind each statistic is a real person like a young woman I treated after her assault during freshman year. She couldn’t sleep. She avoided certain streets on campus. She blamed herself. But through therapy, she began to understand.  This wasn’t her fault. Her symptoms made sense. And she could heal.

6. We’re All More Stressed Out
You don’t need a disaster to feel overwhelmed. Chronic stress alone like poverty, job loss, or family instability can weaken the brain’s defenses.


Think about the pressure young people face today: social media comparisons, cyberbullying, fear of missing out, constant pressure to succeed. Adults are juggling long hours, economic fears, and caregiving at the same time. All this builds a background level of tension.


When something traumatic happens on top of all that, the brain is already stretched thin. It’s like having a small cut then getting hit in the same spot. You hurt longer. You bleed more. And healing is harder.

7. The Health System is Changing: The Good and Bad
We’ve seen big changes in healthcare over the past few decades. Some of these changes have opened the door for more people to get help, especially with substance use or mental illness, but they’ve also left gaps.


For example, when institutions for the mentally ill were shut down (a process called deinstitutionalization), many people were left without stable care. They ended up in jails, on the streets, or in unsafe environments—where new trauma could occur.


The opioid epidemic has also brought many people into treatment who had never been diagnosed with trauma before. We’re now realizing that for many of them, addiction started as a way to cope with pain they couldn’t name like PTSD.

So What Can We Do?
The fact that PTSD is more common today doesn’t mean we’re weaker. It means we’re finally paying attention. And while the increase is concerning, there’s also reason for hope.


More than ever before, people are talking about mental health. More are seeking treatment. More are getting better. We now have therapy methods that work like EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing), cognitive processing therapy, and medications that can calm the overactive parts of the brain.


Support groups, online communities, and crisis services are more available than ever. And if you’re reading this and wondering whether you might have PTSD—you are not alone.

A Final Thought: You Deserve to Heal
I’ll never forget what Marcus said to me after six months of therapy. He looked me in the eye and said, “I still remember what happened. But now it doesn’t control me.”


That’s what healing looks like. Not forgetting, but moving forward. Not being “tough enough to ignore it,” but being brave enough to face it.


If you’ve experienced something that left a mark, whether recently or years ago, you don’t need to go through it alone. PTSD is real. Treatment is real. And recovery is possible.


At Your Family Psychiatrist, we’re here to listen without judgment. Whether it’s your first time asking for help, or you’ve been struggling for years, there is hope. Your story matters. And we’re ready to help you write the next chapter.

​Prozac, also known as fluoxetine, is a type of antidepressant medication that is commonly used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders. It is one of the most popular and widely prescribed antidepressants on the market since the 1980's. While Prozac has been proven to be effective for many people, there are also some drawbacks. In this article, we will explore the pros and cons of Prozac (fluoxetine) in more detail.

Pros of Prozac:

1. Proven effectiveness: Prozac is a widely studied and tested medication that has been shown to be effective in treating depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders. It is part of a group of medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) which work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that is associated with feelings of peacefulness and happiness. By increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, Prozac can help to alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety.  No medication has more studies supporting safety and efficacy in patients younger than 18 than Prozac.
2. Fewer side effects: Compared to other types of antidepressants, Prozac is known for having fewer side effects. Some of the common side effects of Prozac include nausea, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction. These side effects are usually mild and most tend to go away in a few weeks.  Talk with your physician if sexual dysfunction occurs.  There are possible solutions to sexual dysfunction including changing medications or adding other medications to counteract this affect.  Prozac also has fewer withdrawal symptoms than many other mental health medications. Some would say it is the least likely to cause brain zaps or other discontinuation side effects.
3. Long-term safety: Prozac has been in use for over 30 years and has a well-established safety record. Prozac is FDA approved for Major Depressive Disorder in as young as age 8.  No other medication is FDA approved for depression in children this young. In fact, no other antidepressant is FDA approved for depression under age 12. This means that Prozac can likely be used safely over the long-term to manage chronic depression and anxiety.
4. Easy to use: Prozac is available in tablets, capsules, and an oral solution to help with ease of administration.  It is also sometimes used 1x/week, but talk to your Houston psychiatrist if this is something you are interested in.  Not all dosages are designed for weekly use. Most take Prozac daily.
   
5. Various Uses: Prozac is also FDA approved for OCD, Bulimia, Panic Disorder, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. It is used off-label to improve premature ejaculation, fibromyalgia, and various types of anxiety. 
   
   
   

Cons of Prozac:

1. Slow onset of action: It can take several weeks for Prozac to start working. Some will see benefit in the first 48 hours, but there is a wide range or response times.  This means that people who are experiencing severe depression or anxiety may need to wait a while before they start feeling better. This slow onset of action can be frustrating for some people and may lead them to discontinue the medication prematurely.  Talk with your psychiatrist about faster options if needed.  One of the fastest options is Auvelity.
2. Sexual dysfunction: One of the most common side effects of Prozac is sexual dysfunction. This can include decreased libido, difficulty achieving orgasm, and erectile dysfunction. For some people, these side effects can be severe enough to interfere with their quality of life.  Many mental health medications can affect sexual functioning (increased or decreased).  Psychiatrists at Your Family Psychiatrist regularly engage in questions about sexual functioning.  These questions will not be met with shame or judgement.  
3. Interaction with other medications: Prozac can interact with some other medications including over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements. This means that people who are taking Prozac should always consult with their healthcare provider before starting any new medications.
   
   
   

In summary, Prozac is a widely used and effective medication for managing depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders. While it has many benefits, there are also some drawbacks to using this medication. If you are considering Prozac, you should carefully weigh the pros and cons before starting treatment. Always work closely with your healthcare provider to ensure that you are using the medication safely and effectively.

Starting therapy can be a daunting experience for many individuals. Despite the potential benefits of therapy, such as improved mental health and well-being, the thought of opening up to a stranger about one's deepest emotions and vulnerabilities can feel overwhelming. In this article, we will explore some of the reasons why starting therapy can be scary.


Fear of being judged
One of the main reasons why starting therapy can be scary is the fear of being judged. Many individuals worry that their therapist may view them as weak or flawed for seeking help. This fear can be particularly strong for individuals who have grown up in cultures or families that stigmatize mental health issues or therapy. However, it is important to remember that therapists are trained to provide a non-judgmental and empathetic space for their clients. They are there to help individuals work through their challenges and provide support, not to judge them.


Fear of vulnerability
Opening up about one's deepest emotions and vulnerabilities can be scary. Many individuals worry that they may be too emotional or that they may become overwhelmed during therapy sessions. Others may feel uncomfortable with the idea of being vulnerable with a stranger. However, it is important to remember that vulnerability is a normal part of the therapeutic process. Therapy is a safe and supportive space for individuals to explore their emotions and experiences without judgment.


Fear of the unknown
Starting therapy can be scary because it is often an unknown experience. Individuals may feel anxious about what to expect during therapy sessions, how to open up to their therapist, or whether therapy will be helpful. This fear can be particularly strong for individuals who have never been to therapy before or who are not familiar with the therapeutic process. However, it is important to remember that therapy is a collaborative process between the therapist and the client. The therapist will work with the individual to set goals and determine the best approach for their needs.


Fear of change
Many individuals are afraid of change, even if it means making positive changes in their lives. Starting therapy can be scary because it often means confronting difficult emotions and experiences that may have been avoided or ignored in the past. The therapeutic process can be challenging, as it requires individuals to examine their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and make changes where necessary. However, it is important to remember that therapy can be a transformative and empowering experience. By confronting their challenges and working through them with the support of a therapist, individuals can make positive changes in their lives and improve their mental health and well-being.


Fear of the stigma
​There is still a stigma surrounding mental health issues and therapy in some communities. Many individuals worry that seeking therapy may be perceived as a weakness or that it may be used against them in the future. This fear can be particularly strong for individuals who are in professions or social circles that do not view mental health issues or therapy favorably. However, it is important to remember that seeking therapy is a sign of strength and self-awareness. It takes courage to confront one's challenges and seek support when needed.


In conclusion, starting therapy can be scary for a variety of reasons. The fear of being judged, vulnerability, the unknown, change, and stigma are all common concerns for individuals considering therapy. However, it is important to remember that therapy is a safe and supportive space for individuals to explore their emotions and experiences without judgment. By seeking therapy, individuals can make positive changes in their lives, improve their mental health and well-being, and gain the tools and skills to navigate life's challenges. If you are considering therapy, it is important to remember that you are not alone and that seeking help is a sign of strength and self-awareness.

​Panic attacks are characterized by sudden and intense feelings of fear, anxiety, and discomfort. During a panic attack, individuals may experience a wide range of physical symptoms, including shortness of breath, palpitations, dizziness, sweating, and chest pain. Chest pain is one of the most common symptoms experienced by individuals during a panic attack, and it can be a source of significant distress and concern.


Chest pain during a panic attack is often described as a tightness or pressure in the chest that may feel like a heart attack. This sensation can be frightening and can exacerbate feelings of anxiety and panic. However, it is important to note that chest pain during a panic attack is not usually a sign of a serious medical condition.


So, why do panic attacks cause chest pain?


There are several reasons why panic attacks can cause chest pain. The first reason is related to the physical symptoms of anxiety. During a panic attack, the body's fight or flight response is activated, triggering the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones can cause physical changes in the body, including an increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and muscle tension. This can lead to chest pain, as the muscles in the chest become tense and constricted, making it difficult to breathe and causing discomfort.


Another reason why panic attacks can cause chest pain is related to the psychological symptoms of anxiety. During a panic attack, individuals may experience intense feelings of fear, dread, and impending doom. These feelings can trigger a range of physical sensations, including chest pain. The fear of having a heart attack or other serious medical condition can also exacerbate the physical symptoms of anxiety, leading to chest pain and other discomfort.


In addition to the physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety, panic attacks can also cause chest pain due to hyperventilation. Hyperventilation is a common symptom of panic attacks, and it occurs when individuals breathe too quickly or deeply. This can lead to an imbalance in oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body, causing symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and chest pain.


It is important to note that chest pain during a panic attack is usually not a sign of a serious medical condition. However, if you are experiencing chest pain or discomfort, it is always a good idea to seek medical attention to rule out any serious underlying health issues.  Heart attacks can cause similar symptoms which is why patients with panic attacks often are diagnosed first in the emergency room.


In conclusion, chest pain is a common symptom experienced by individuals during a panic attack. This discomfort can be caused by a range of physical and psychological factors, including muscle tension, hyperventilation, and feelings of fear and anxiety. While chest pain during a panic attack can be distressing, it is usually not a sign of a serious medical condition. If you are experiencing chest pain or discomfort, it is important to seek medical attention to rule out any underlying health issues and to find ways to manage and reduce the symptoms of anxiety.

What is psychodynamic psychotherapy?
Why do I become more like my mom or dad even though I am doing everything I can to avoid it?  Why am I attracted to partners with the same problems? According to psychodynamic theory, early life experiences shape the way that we interact with others for the rest of our lives. The familiar is comforting to us, so we unknowingly repeat the past. Avoidance of the past can even paradoxically lead to repeating it. Until we break the cycle, the past may continue repeating itself.  Psychodynamic psychotherapy (also called psychoanalysis) looks for patterns from the past (like early family relationships) that persist into our present. 

You and your therapist can examine present relationships and how they compare to past relationships. The therapist’s job is to understand the relational dynamics happening in the session and help change the dynamic which can help break the cycle. You can learn to stop avoiding distressing thoughts, feelings, and sensations. You can also learn to sit in discomfort which is a helpful skill. The theory is that when we learn to recognize internal conflicts, we can also learn to deal with them in healthy ways.  This lessens symptoms over time. 


What does psychodynamic theory look for? 
Psychodynamic theory looks for uncomfortable feelings and thoughts that lead to avoidance. According to psychodynamic theory, uncomfortable thoughts and feelings are pushed down and can lead to symptoms in our mind. Our mind struggles to bring these conflicts to the surface and into our awareness. Examples of possible results are muscle aches, headaches, stomach pain, and loss of feeling in arms and legs. 

What makes psychodynamic theory different?
What makes psychodynamic therapy special is that it focuses on deep-seated issues in order to alleviate symptoms rather than focusing only on the present symptoms. This can lead to permanent results. The theory focuses on creating greater, long-term change rather than what are perceived as short-term and surface-level changes via cognitive, behavioral, or solution-focused therapies. 

What can I expect and who benefits from psychotherapy?
Some favorite interventions utilizing psychodynamic therapy involve dream work, art therapy, describing fantasies, and exploring themes and symbols. These types of activities are thought to awaken unconscious content and bring forth important information about inner conflicts and family dynamics. If you enjoy abstract thinking, fantasies, and being creative, you may feel drawn to psychodynamic therapy. 

Psychodynamic therapy has been shown to be helpful in managing depression, anxiety, somatoform disorder, eating disorders, borderline personality disorder, and substance-related disorders.

​Ketamine has been in use as an anesthetic and sedative in operating and emergency rooms since around 1970. More recently, studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in mental health, most notably in patients with chronic, treatment-resistant conditions like anxiety, depression, PTSD, and chronic pain. Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy (KAP) is an emerging treatment in psychiatry and psychotherapy.  It combines the medicinal effects of ketamine with therapy in a state that better allows you to access difficult emotions and memories.  Sometimes we can gain access to our subconscious to better understand our desires and past memories.  

Ketamine is the only current psychedelic substance approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA). The effects of Ketamine can lead to relief of everyday distressing emotional, physical, and mental states. Ketamine is thought to be helpful therapeutically as the psychedelic effects lead to non-ordinary states of consciousness where fear of difficult feelings, thoughts, and sensations are lessened.  This can allow for more advanced therapy to occur.

Ketamine shows promise in clinical studies for rapid symptom reduction for individuals with treatment-resistant depression including a reduction in suicidal thoughts.  The rapid reduction of symptoms stands out against common psychiatric medications that require weeks for full effect. Traditional talk therapy can take months for significant symptom reduction.  Ketamine is considered a NMDA receptor antagonist, but it also works by encouraging neuroplasticity (neuronal growth). 

Ketamine assisted psychotherapy takes place in the office under the care of dedicated, trained staff. Psychiatrists analyze patient fitness for ketamine. Individuals with chronic heart issues, hyperthyroidism, and uncontrolled hypertension should not take ketamine. It is important to disclose all over-the-counter and prescription medications to staff to avoid interactions. Studies that focus on ketamine often utilize a treatment plan that begins with approximately six sessions in the first 2-4 weeks and then tapered maintenance sessions.  Treatment that involves therapy will typically include being in the clinic for 2-3 hours.

The optimal dosage and modality are determined based on the ketamine experience by the patient and assessment by the psychiatrist. Therapists working with clients will reassure, validate, and deeply listen to each patient while anchoring the KAP session. In this safe environment, the patient is able to engage with the effects of ketamine and begin the journey to long term change.

While some clinics focus on providing ketamine intravenously in a medical setting, we believe long term change better occurs when combining ketamine with counseling in a more relaxed setting.  Accessing and addressing trauma, frustrations, and emotions that hold us back can better allow for change to occur.

Common side effects include out of body experiences, increased heart rate and blood pressure, dizziness, nausea, and sedation. These side effects typically dissipate within a few hours. Patients in ketamine treatment are not safe to drive for approximately 12 hours, so patients must leave the office with a designated driver. 

Ketamine treatment is for patients who have tried psychiatric medications or are looking for another option for treatment-resistant depression and other related disorders. Ketamine is not the only alternative. Other options for treatment-resistant depression include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Symptom alleviation may not be permanent, and may require further ketamine treatments. 

If you believe you may be a candidate for Houston ketamine assisted psychotherapy, contact our office at 281-849-4080 for a psychiatric consultation. 

Regular and consistent sleep patterns are an important aspect of your child's mental wellness. During sleep, children's minds process information from daily experiences and stressors. Regular and consistent sleep can lead to greater self-regulation and less likelihood for behavioral issues.

When children are rested, they feel calmer, less anxious, and more in control of their emotions. The steps to creating a successful nighttime routine include consistency, a calm environment, connection, and preparation for potential hiccups. 

Maintaining a Sleep Routine
Create a bedtime routine that includes the essentials but also incorporates calming activities. Bedtime routines optimally begin 1-2 hours before sleep, but it can become more efficient with practice. This window of time prepares your child for rest both emotionally and physically. Tip: You can create a bedtime poster with your child that lists the activities (written or drawn), and discuss why each step in the routine is important for the child’s sleep.

Increase self-efficacy by asking your child how he/she feels after they complete each task. When they begin to understand the importance, it becomes easier for them to manage the sleep routine themselves. For children who become distracted or are overwhelmed easily, following the steps on the chart will keep them organized. Include options and privileges. For example when kindergartner Caroline comes to the end of her bedtime routine, she may choose one of three calming bedtime activities: story time, coloring, or playing with a fidget toy. Watching electronics at bedtime should be avoided as the graphics, colors, movements, and sounds will activate the brain leading to restlessness rather than drifting off to sleep. 

Environment
Create a calm environment at the start of the bedtime routine. Dim the lights or switch from overhead lighting to lamps. Close the blinds or curtains. Turn on calm music, preferably without words. The child’s bed area should be as uncluttered as possible in order to decrease distractions. Include favorite stuffed animals nearby to feel safe.

Select a corner or area of the room in which the child has easy access to calming toys and books. Include comfortable seating. Create physical boundaries by naming what rooms or areas of the house are within or off limits during the bedtime routine. 

Connect
Finish the routine with a short mindfulness or loving-kindness exercise to promote a calm mental state for sleep. Ask your child to list three people he/she is grateful for or list one thing that went surprisingly well today.  Saying a prayer together is also a good option if you are religious.

Consider developing a mantra like “ I feel calm in my body. I feel calm in my mind. I feel calm in my heart.” Whatever the activity, take this time to connect with your child. Caregiver connection enhances co-regulation between parent and child. 

Hiccups
When routines are interrupted, behavior changes are to be expected. Factors like hunger and tiredness can lead to outbursts. Explain to your child that calming activities are not a punishment but an essential element for quality sleep.

​When your child is dysregulated, attune yourself by bringing your body to their level. You can use an even, calm tone and look them in the eyes. If your child is unable to focus on you, consider using gentle touch as redirection. Then you could say something like “I see that you have a lot of energy. It is time to sleep. Let’s take a few minutes to calm down with a quiet activity.” Narrating behavioral issues without shame will make the child feel seen and also help the child recognize behaviors and triggers over time. 

When nightmares and specific fears add to bedtime anxiety, consider various positive strategies. Take your child with you as you check around their room for common fears like monsters, spiders, or snakes. Keep it lighthearted. This will validate the child’s fears and show that their safety is important to you. Reframe fears by asking your child if there is anything interesting or likable about the thing they fear. Name exceptions to fears. Ask your child: “What about you could be scary to the monster?”

​Your local librarian can recommend books about common fears. For example, Seaver the Weaver by Paul Czajak and Verdi by Janell Cannon impart child-like struggles upon a spider (Czajak) and a snake (Cannon). When monsters acquire human-like qualities, children’s fears deflate as children recognize that all things, even monsters, have fears. 

At this time, about 63% of Americans are part of the labor force.  Many employers offer programs designed to promote wellness and connect individuals with treatment options.  In addition, they promote the ability to handle and reduce stress. 
 
The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) reports that 1 in 5 adults (18 and older) reported suffering from mental illness in 2016.  Additionally, 71% reported headaches, feelings of being overwhelmed, or anxiety, all overt symptoms of stress. 
 
Mental health disorders are also closely linked to other physical conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and muscular problems.  Treating the physical and mental disorders separately will cost two to three times more than treating those without combination issues.  By combining the treatment plans, the savings could amount to $37 billion to $67 billion each year.  This means employers can reduce health care costs across the board and have healthier employees.
 
Further, the CDC says that employees with a high risk of depression had the highest health cost during a three year period following the initial assessment.  This includes others at risk from smoking and obesity.  Depression will affect performance at least 20% and affects cognitive abilities about 35%.  However, of those who report moderate depression only 57% receive treatment and for those with severe depression only 40%.
 
Excess stress and other mental health issues translates to negatively affecting:

• Job performance
• Productivity
• Interactions with other employees
• Communication
• Physical issues
• Functionality

 
Especially when mental and physical treatment plans are combined, employer sponsored wellness programs have proven beneficial to both the company and the employees.  Through a combined plan:

• Communications can be combined using the structures already in place
• Social networks become available
• Programs and policies are united
• Offering incentives for healthy behaviors
• Employers can track progress

 
As an employer you have some options.

• Offer self-assessment mental health tools
• Establish clinical screenings by qualified mental health professionals with clinical referrals as appropriate.  These can be free to the employee or offered at a reduced cost.
• Reduce co pays on depression medications
• Programs for lifestyle changes
• Host in-office programs to discuss stress reduction techniques
  • Breathing exercises
  • Meditation
  • Mindfulness
  • Focus improvement
• Treat disrespectful comments or actions as you would any other form of prejudice or discrimination
• Provide managers and supervisors with the tools to identify signs of stress and depression
• Give employees the opportunity to voice opinions

 
There are a number of insurers who provide plans to help implement a mental health program.  This can include videos, emails, education and other initiatives to help management and employees deal with the issues in the workplace.

​​The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) estimates that 20% of adults over the age of 55 will experience some form of mental health disorder.  This can include some sort of cognitive issue (forgetfulness all the way to some degree of dementia), mood swings (generally depression), and anxiety. 
 
With depression as the most common form of mental disorder in seniors, it can affect social interactions and impair the ongoing treatment of other chronic conditions.  It is often dismissed as a normal part of aging or under treated. 
 
In reality, depression or other mental illnesses are not a normal part of the aging process.  Left untreated, it will affect the person's ability to function, lead to a poorer quality of life, and can actually slow the healing from physical illnesses and surgeries.
 
Mental health can easily decline after a serious illness like stroke or chronic conditions like Parkinson’s, arthritis, or cancer.  Medication can often play a part with drug interactions between prescriptions that are overlooked.  Older adults have needs that change including loss of friendships, relocating to other parts of the country, and changes in living conditions.  All of this needs to be considered during the treatment of mental health issues.
 
The good news is that older adults can be helped with the same success as those who are younger.  With some psychotherapy and anti-depressant medication, it is reported that 80% will recover.
 
Some symptoms you may want to watch for include:

• Sadness that persists.  If the person remains depressed longer than two weeks, keep tabs to see if it is improving.  If not, consider help with a mental health professional.
• Consistent sleep issues
• Trouble concentrating
• Everyone forgets things.  However if it becomes consistent, occurs more frequently, or in familiar surroundings, start paying closer attention.
• Over use of alcohol
• Confusion with the medication regimen

If these indicators accumulate or become more serious, it is a sign that the individual may need some professional help.
 
Many older adults continue to thrive even on their own.  Some habits that seem to help are:

• Exercising to the best of their physical ability.  This can include gardening in raised beds, walking, dancing, etc.
• Reading.  Joining with others to discuss books is a good way to stimulate mental agility.  Reading as a group event allows for socializing and forces people to read something they would not normally pick up.  There are a number of websites that offer discussion questions.  Check with your local public library for suggestions.

 
The health system in the United States offers Medicare that covers 80% of a physical health issue but only 50% for a mental health condition.  Fear of overspending can often impact an older adult's reluctance to seek mental health assistance.  Studies have shown that over 60% of older adults with a mental health issue will not receive the help necessary to bring them back to a stable head space.

As a concerned family member or as part of the medical team, it is critical to review prescriptions and over-the-counter medications.  This has a two-fold importance:  to be sure the prescribed medication is taken as ordered and to review for any interactions.  

Older adults often visit more than one medical professional.  Most older adults are quite capable of managing their medical care and are conscientious about complying with the medication instructions. However, when multiple prescriptions are involved, medical staff should carefully review all of them. Overprescribing is rampant for older adults who are more vulnerable for adverse effects.

As one ages, the liver becomes less able to break down medications and toxins.  Side effects can become more common if medications are not initiated and titrated slowly.  Lower doses may be utilized compared to younger adults.

At some point, cognitive abilities will fail and it will be necessary for someone else to take responsibility for the medications.
​

The chance of dementia increases with age: 

• 5% of all adults over 65
• 30% in adults in the mid 80s
• over 50% for adults in their 90s. 

While Alzheimer's is the most common form, there are other types of dementia to be screened for.
​
Symptoms like depression, anxiety, and insomnia are often overlooked as changes in cognitive abilities. Wandering will occur in over 90% of patients diagnosed with dementia and is the primary concern for their caregivers.  With supportive guidance to the patients and families, this condition can be dealt with reasonably and safely.  Of primary concern is safe judgment and appropriate living arrangements.

If you know someone who may need some help, don't delay, book an appointment today. 
 ​

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (M.D.) who specialized to treat mental health issues. In the United States, there are also doctors of osteopathic medicine (D.O.) which can also become psychiatrists. If you're wondering how to become a psychiatrist, this article is about what you need to know.

Psychiatrists diagnose, treat, and help prevent emotional and behavioral disorders. To do this they use a number of techniques or methods including therapy, interventions, and medication.
​

​To become a psychiatrist, you must first have a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution. These degrees are often in the pre-med area, psychology, sciences, or a combination.  The degree does not have to be science related.  Any degree with the appropriate pre-requisites will suffice.  G.P.A. matters, so you want to choose a major that will allow you to thrive.  Some degrees like engineering are particularly difficult, and admissions committees have been known to give those degrees more leeway.  Academic advisors can help you develop a program of classes to keep you on track.

Psychiatrists are medical doctors, so you'll need to complete the MCAT (medical college admissions test) before applying for a MD or DO school.  After graduating medical school (4 years), you'll begin years of clinical residency.  For psychiatry, the standard general residency is four years.  Many psychiatrists will work additional years to sub-specialize.  

In order to practice any type of medicine, physicians must be licensed in the state(s) in which they will work.  This includes psychiatrists.  This license must be maintained in good standing which will include continuing medical education credits and renewal.

Psychiatrists work with patients in private practice, hospitals, and other institutional settings.  Away from the patient, they may review notes and complete much documentation.  They may meet with patients' families, lead support groups, and may coordinate with therapists.

Specialization can involve illnesses like anxiety or psychosis, or a demographic element like children, older adults, or veterans.  In some cases, the working hours are regular 8-5 type hours, but it is not unusual for psychiatrists to work extended hours in some settings. Some psychiatrists are regularly on-call for emergencies or admissions.
  
Psychiatrists help dispel myths and stigmas and promote healthy mental and physical outlooks for their patients.

Psychiatrists will also need to understand the brain and how it works.  People perceive and process information in different ways and the interrelationship of the nervous system and behavior becomes critical in many cases. Psychiatry and Neurology are close specialties.  The governing board is the same - American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology.

Communication skills are particularly important in psychiatry. Residency training programs consider communication skills to be of high importance with how they rank applicants. 

​Why do we have stress? How is stress different from anxiety?   

Our bodies have evolved over millennia to protect us from dangers. Our nervous system deploys the fight-flight or freeze responses in order to protect us. In fight-flight, we feel amped up with adrenaline and increased heart rate and blood flow to our limbs. More oxygen flows through our lungs as our body prepares us for action. You may feel the urge to run away, pace, or hide. The ability to rationalize or make good decisions lowers. Action, rather than reflection, is the order of the day. The freeze response is our body’s “play dead” response and is often tied to trauma. It can lead to tingling sensations, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, and feeling overwhelmed or incapable. According to Stephen Porges, the originator of Polyvagal theory, dangers can be real (like the saber tooth cat outside your cave) or perceived as such by our bodies (a slideshow in front of your boss). This means that in individuals prone to anxiety, bodies respond to perceived threats as though the threats are real.
   
Fight, Flight, and Freeze responses can be triggered not only by stimuli in the environment but also sensations in our bodies, thoughts or even memories.  Anxiety is fear without obvious danger. Anxiety differs from helpful stress that enables us to survive, stay safe, or get things done. Anxiety reactions can make dealing with situations more difficult and can affect relationships and our ability to live life on life’s terms.  
  
What are panic attacks? How do panic attacks differ from anxiety?  
Anxiety is taken to another level in panic attacks. Panic attacks include marked sensations like butterflies in the stomach, sweatiness, muscle tension, racing heartbeat, and breathing difficulties. Individuals may feel faint or dizzy, hot, or cold.  The sensations of the panic attack are overwhelming and the individual may feel disconnected from surroundings. Panic attacks also include worries that one is ‘losing it’ or that illness or death are imminent. Chest tightness may be perceived as evidence for a heart attack. This fear often brings individuals to emergency rooms.  

Sometimes panic attacks occur after specific triggers, like an individual with agoraphobia having a panic attack in a crowded public space. Other times, however, the panic attack comes on without a known cause. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5), some individuals will experience waking panic attacks, in which they wake from sleep in panic. Panic attacks lead to more “fear of fear” as the individual avoids contexts and environments in which panic attacks might happen. 
  
What causes panic attacks?   

According to the Cognitive Behavioral model for Panic Attacks, the normal effects of stress on the body (like increased heart rate) are misinterpreted as a serious problem. Put simply, symptoms of stress are catastrophized as indications of serious health issues or impending death.   

When the individual experiences symptoms like shortness of breath and chest tightness, worst case-scenario thoughts lead to more anxiety, which worsen symptoms and create a negative feedback loop of ever-increasing seriousness. Symptoms can lead to thoughts like: Am I having a heart attack? and Am I going to die? Am I Losing it? However, if the individual experiences the same symptoms but does not perceive the symptoms to mean something more than they are (symptoms of anxiety rather than a heart attack, for example), then the negative feedback loop will be lessened.   

The uncomfortable and overwhelming experience of a panic attack creates fear of more panic attacks. Body sensations like dizziness after standing up quickly or breathlessness during exercise are then understood to be something worse. Drinking caffeine can lead to bodily reactions that the individual associates with panic attacks. For example, increased heart rate or shakiness could lead one to associate the symptoms with a heart attack or a loss of control.   

Emotions like excitement or anger lead to bodily changes (increased heart rate or labored breathing) that could be misattributed as well.  The covid-19 pandemic has led many to worry about infection. Some symptoms of Covid-19 that are shared with panic attacks are the sensation of chest tightness as well as labored breathing. This can lead to some individuals perceiving symptoms due to the virus rather than anxiety, which leads to catastrophic What Ifs.   
  
What populations have panic attacks?  

According to the DSM-5, females are twice as likely to have panic attacks than males. Panic attack incidences tend to appear during adolescence and early adulthood, peak in adulthood, and then decline by age 65 (APA 2013).   
  
How are panic attacks treated?  

Medications and talk therapy combined are one way to treat Panic Attacks. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is to date the most tested therapeutic approach to panic disorders. In treatment, CBT challenges patients to test assumptions leading to more moderate viewpoints. Therapists may use exposures that mimic symptoms present in panic in order to enable clients to sit with the discomfort and learn from it. This could include spinning until dizzy as dizziness is one common symptom. As the sensations experienced are normalized, catastrophic thinking may be less likely to heighten anxiety into panic. In short, as the symptoms that lead to a panic attack are better understood, anxiety will be less likely to be interpreted as a worst-case scenario. Other treatment recommendations may include keeping a panic journal.
​   
While CBT is currently the most researched therapeutic approach to panic disorders, there is no significant data to suggest that it is the most effective approach. When considering your own treatment, work with a mental health professional to understand what type of treatment or therapy would best fit your needs and personality. For example, individuals who gravitate to rationalizing and reasoning may respond well to CBT. Artistic individuals may respond well to Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Those who are interested in Mindfulness based therapies may be a good fit for ACT. ​

​Tele-medicine is the provision of health care remotely through the use of technology. Telehealth psychiatry is a method to provide a range of services including:

• Evaluation
• Therapies
• Individual
• Group
• Family
• Education
• Medication management

​Although it uses video-based electronics, telehealth psychiatry involves direct care between the psychiatrist and patient. Telehealth is a live interactive method for a doctor to provide needed mental health service to remote patients. It can also be used to transmit medical information to other consultants.

• Brings accessibility to rural areas
• The care is brought directly to the patient
• Incorporates mental health care along with primary medical services
• Allows for continual follow-up services
• Reduces barriers like transportation, child care, etc.
• Provides a confidential and convenient service

Telehealth psychiatry provides a needed service in what might otherwise be an underserved area due to access  or safety concerns. It is a cost effective method to offer aid to patients in privacy. The psychiatrist must be licensed in the states they are working, and can only provide care for patients in those states.
It is used in a number of different settings:

• Military
• Nursing homes
• Correctional facilities
• Schools
• Nursing Homes
• Clinics and hospitals

Experts estimate that 1/8 emergency room visits require a psychiatric intervention. Electronic Psychiatry visits can help evaluate the patient and offer treatment options. Nursing homes and long-term care facilities use telehealth psychiatry appointments to provide mental health treatment without compromising accessibility. Those in jail and prison can now also receive valuable psychiatric treatments for ongoing mental issues.

For the ordinary individual, they will schedule an appointment for a video appointment. However, it is suggested that, if at all possible, the patient should be prepared for an in-person appointment. The individual should have all relevant information, medical records, medications, and other materials readily accessible.  
Research is showing that telehealth psychiatry visits are equivalent to in-person appointments. Diagnoses are just as accurate, treatments are as effective, and patients show a high degree of satisfaction. Privacy and confidentiality are still maintained to standards or greater.

For people with severe anxiety disorders or those with mobility issues, remote treatments have proven highly beneficial. 
 
When considering a telehealth psychiatry appointment, it is important to find a secure place for your appointment. The psychiatric team will be responsible for their location. Be sure to verify the software works and you have a working internet connection. While many devices and operating systems offer secure software, not all do.

​How often has mom told us “eat a little something and you will feel better”?  Think about it...your brain never stops working.  All day and all night, your brain keeps your bodily functions operating.  Using all that energy requires constant fuel.  What you eat directly affects your bodily functions, including the brain.  So the better you eat, the better your brain will work.  Conversely, when you overeat, or consume junk food, or otherwise skimp on nutrition, you are prone to sadness and anxiety.


This is the basic principle of nutritional psychiatry.


Today's research is showing a correlation between good nutrition and the reduction of free radicals, inflammatory cells, the kinds of bacteria that live in the intestinal tract, as well as how you feel, and behave.  Eating highly refined sugars is now linked to impaired brain function and the aggravation of mood disorders like depression.  Nutritious foods with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants protects the brain from oxidative stress or free radicals produced as the body oxygenates.


Serotonin is a substance, a neurotransmitter, that regulates sleep, appetite, evens out moods, and reduces pain.  The vast majority of serotonin is produced in the gastrointestinal organs.  So there is a direct connection between the transmitters in the gut and the serotonin that keeps our lives on track.  As proper nutrition is processed by the body, it helps regulate our moods as well.


Studies have found that the risk of depression is lowered by 25% to 35% in persons who follow a Mediterranean or Japanese diet.  These eating plans are high in vegetables, fruits, unprocessed grains, and fish and low in meats and dairy.  They also shun processed and refined sugars and other foods.


A food diary is an easy way to see if it works.  Try one of these diet plans and after about a week start keeping a record of what you ate through the day and then how you felt the next day.  Continue this for another week and see if there is a change in your mental attitude.  This is also a way that you can find trigger foods by reintroducing them into your eating plan and then tracking how your emotions are affected.  Also note if you have increased or decreased energy and sleep patterns.


Nutritional psychiatry is applying these studies to patients who suffer from various forms of mental illness especially anxiety and depression.  It appears to be an effective method to reduce or eliminate medications that can have other side effects that adversely affect some people. 


Combining healthy eating with approved psychiatric counseling sessions is one of the non-invasive techniques that can greatly improve lives. 


A 2020 study has revealed that anti-inflammatory fats like Omega-3 are connected to a lower risk of depression.  This study found that women who consumed fish twice per week had a 25% lower risk of depression as compared to those women who ate fish less than twice per week.


Higher risk of depression was found in people who failed to get enough magnesium (beans, lentils, peas, avocado, nuts, whole grains, and dark chocolate).  The same was found in those who were deficient in zinc (oysters, pumpkin seeds, cashews).

Stress is emotional strain that is a result of difficult or adverse circumstances.  It is an emotional response, but it can have physical symptoms as well.  Some of the physical symptoms include:

• Digestive distress
• Diminished libido
• Muscle tension
• Headaches
• Fatigue
• High blood pressure
• Chest Pain

 
The emotional symptoms include:

• Irritability
• Depression
• Anger
• Feeling overwhelmed
• Racing thoughts
• Making bad decisions

 
Situations that cause concern are called stressors.  Stressors can be external like relationship issues or financial problems, but stressors are also internal like pessimism, what-if thoughts, or poor self-esteem related.
 
Stress is basically our perception of something difficult to deal with.  Stressors are somewhat individualized.  For instance, some people find gazing off a mountain top to be beautiful and peaceful while others are terrified of the height involved. 

Common external stressors are:

• Major life changes (good or bad)
• Work or school
• Relationships
• Finances
• Chores
• Family commitments

 
Internal issues include:

• Obsessions
• Pessimism
• Negative self image
• Unrealistic expectations

 
Ideally, we identify stress and utilize coping skills before it negatively impacts our life.  If anxiety continues to be a problem and leads to dysfunction, it is time to meet with a psychiatrist.  Here are some indicators of dysfunction that show anxiety becoming unmanageable:

• Work or school performance drops
• “Self medicating” with alcohol, drugs, or tobacco
• Withdrawal from friends, family, or social situations
• Sudden outbursts of irritability or anger
• Impulsivity
• Contemplating hurting yourself or others

 
Coping Skills
Once stress begins impacting your life, it is time to get serious about learning coping skills.  When basic coping skills don't work, it is time to meet with a counselor to learn more advanced skills.  Here are some basic skills to practice:

• Exercise – Regular exercise can reduce anxiety and improve overall mood.  Walking, dancing, rowing, biking, jogging, and swimming are all excellent choices.  Small changes can also improve activity. Park further from the entrance of work and stores. 
• Social Interactions – Instead of texting, call or go out to socialize.  Meet friends at the gym, church activities, museum, or attend a special event. Find an activity that feels comfortable or enjoyable and do it with someone you care about.  
• Healthy eating – Eating lean protein, fruits, and vegetables helps to regulate energy intake and improve stability of energy throughout the day.  Caffeine, sugar, and alcohol can all create spikes in energy that end in crashes.  The spikes in energy can be anxiety inducing and cause jitters. The crashes end up with you being less productive.  Diminished efficiency can result in getting behind.  This is just more to worry about. Healthy eating ends up playing a big role in our stress level.
• Sleep - Good sleep is important for us to solidify memories and recuperate from the day before.  A lack of sleep and/or reduced quality of sleep can both end up causing anxiety the next day.  I know getting behind can causes stress, but our mind doesn't process information well when sleep deprived.  Adequate sleep is needed to be at our best.  

​In the clinical world of mental health, a sociopath and a psychopath are each classified as someone with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD).  These are individuals who cannot understand others' feelings.  In general, they have no guilt for doing harm.  They may be charming.  The terms sociopath and psychopath are often debated in academic circles, and many consider them to be the same thing.  Others apply small differences to the conditions.  
 
Shared behavior between sociopaths and psychopaths are:

• Disregard for laws
• Disregard for social rules or patterns
• Disregard for the rights of others
• No remorse
• No guilt
• Aggressive or even violent behaviors

 
Being selfish, acting out, or acting rebelliously are not, in themselves, cause for a diagnosis of ASPD.  However, if the symptoms are ongoing and are not altered by punishment or changes in lifestyle, the outcome is often different.  People with ASPD rarely if ever feel bad about what they are doing or how they are treating others. 
 
Sociopaths are generally nervous and can burst into anger easily.  They have few acquaintances and probably few to no friendships because they have difficulty maintaining relationships.  As a rule, they are less educated and frequently live on the fringes of society.  Crimes they commit are generally spontaneous. 
 
Psychopaths are very charming people and find it easy to manipulate others.  Because they are so charismatic, they seem disarming.  They are usually well educated and hold steady jobs.  While they do not form relationships, they learn how to imitate emotions.  They appear normal.  For this reason it can be difficult for a victim to realize they have been targeted.  Their crimes are very well planned and executed and plan for contingencies.
 
Psychiatric diagnoses usually center on the “nature versus nurture” theory.  Psychopaths are genetically predisposed to their behavior, while sociopaths are developed from childhood trauma or abuse.
 
To be diagnosed with ASPD, an individual over 18 must clearly demonstrate at least three of the following behaviors. 

• Clear disrespect for social norms and laws.
• Lies, uses false identities, and uses others for personal gain.
• Avoids long-term plans; ignores consequences.
• Aggressive behavior like frequent fights.
• Ignores personal safety or that of others.
• Ignores personal responsibilities like work habits or paying bills
• Has no guilt or remorse for actions.

 
Other indicators can be:

• Not learning from mistakes
• Threats and intimidation
• Frequent crimes
• Unwarranted risks
• Substance addiction
• Inability to maintain relationships
• For individuals younger than 15, animal abuse or cruelty

 
Both psychopaths and sociopaths are a risk to society and a danger to others in many cases.  Violence is not a required element for a diagnosis of ASPD but it is often found as a trait in those who have been so diagnosed.  Because of their ability to dissociate from others and lack of remorse, psychopaths are typically the more dangerous of the two.  Many convicted serial killers have been diagnosed as psychopaths.
 
Not everyone who has an antisocial personality disorder is a psychopath or a sociopath.  It is estimated that as much as 3% of the population has ASPD.  It is more common in males, those with substance abuse, and in prisons.

Understanding the Role and Benefits of Psychiatrist-Led Mental Health Care

If you’ve ever felt overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally stuck, you’re not alone. Mental health struggles affect millions of Americans every year. The good news is help is available, and psychiatrists play a central role in providing that help.

​What Is a Psychiatrist?

A psychiatrist is a medical doctor (M.D. or D.O.) who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental health disorders. Just like cardiologists treat heart conditions and dermatologists treat skin problems, psychiatrists focus on issues that affect your mood, thinking, and behavior.

To become a psychiatrist, one must:

• Complete four years of medical school
• Finish a four-year psychiatric residency
• Often pursue additional training in areas like addiction, child and adolescent psychiatry, or geriatric mental health

Because psychiatrists are physicians, they are the primary mental health providers trained to:

• Evaluate both the mental and physical aspects of psychological problems
• Prescribe medications to treat mental health disorders
• Order lab tests or imaging studies to rule out medical issues
• Coordinate care with primary care doctors or specialists

What Does a Psychiatrist Actually Do?

1. Diagnosing Mental Health Conditions
Psychiatrists use a mix of medical knowledge, clinical interviews, observation, and standardized tests to diagnose conditions like:

• Depression
• Anxiety disorders
• Bipolar disorder
• ADHD
• PTSD
• Schizophrenia
• Substance use disorders

Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of effective treatment. A psychiatrist can determine whether symptoms are due to a mental health disorder, a medical illness, medication side effects, or even a combination of all three.

2. Prescribing and Monitoring Medication
Most people know that psychiatrists can prescribe medications like antidepressants, mood stabilizers, or medications for ADHD. But that’s just the beginning.
Psychiatrists also:

• Select the right medication based on your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle
• Adjust dosages over time
• Monitor side effects and interactions with other medications
• Discontinue medications safely when they’re no longer needed

Studies show that psychiatrist-guided medication management leads to better treatment outcomes. According to a review in the journal Psychiatric Services, patients treated by psychiatrists had higher adherence to treatment and better symptom control compared to those treated in primary care alone.

3. Providing Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy)
Although some psychiatrists focus mostly on medication management, many are also trained in providing psychotherapy. This can include:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
• Psychodynamic therapy
• Supportive therapy
• Trauma-informed therapy

In complex cases, especially those involving trauma, personality disorders, or co-occurring medical conditions, psychiatrist-led therapy can help uncover root causes and develop long-term coping strategies.

4. Coordinating Care with Other Providers
Mental health doesn’t exist in a vacuum. Psychiatrists often coordinate with:

• Primary care physicians
• Therapists and counselors
• School staff (for children and teens)
• Family members or caregivers

This team-based approach improves safety, especially when medications are involved. For example, if a patient is being treated for diabetes and depression, the psychiatrist may work with the primary care doctor to avoid drug interactions and monitor for any mental health effects of physical illness.

5. Crisis Intervention and Hospital Care
In emergency situations, psychiatrists play a key role in evaluating and stabilizing patients who are suicidal, psychotic, or severely depressed. Many psychiatrists work in hospitals and provide:

• Emergency psychiatric evaluations
• Inpatient care for those needing round-the-clock support
• Decisions about when it’s safe for someone to return home

Why Choose Psychiatrist-Led Care?

Psychiatrist-led care often results in better, faster, and safer outcomes. Here’s what the research shows:
1. Better Diagnostic Accuracy
According to a study published in The American Journal of Psychiatry, psychiatrists are more accurate in diagnosing mental illnesses compared to general practitioners. Misdiagnosis can delay recovery and may even worsen symptoms if the wrong medications are used.

2. Improved Medication Management
A study in JAMA Psychiatry found that patients who were treated by psychiatrists had significantly higher rates of treatment success when taking antidepressants. These patients also had fewer side effects and better long-term medication adherence.

3. Lower Hospitalization Rates
Patients receiving psychiatrist-led outpatient care had fewer psychiatric hospitalizations. A study in Psychiatric Services showed that patients managed by psychiatrists had a 25% lower risk of hospitalization compared to those managed in primary care settings alone.

4. Integrated Treatment for Complex Conditions
Mental health disorders often overlap with physical conditions. A psychiatrist can integrate treatment for:

• Chronic pain and depression
• ADHD and substance abuse
• Bipolar disorder and thyroid conditions

This reduces the need to “bounce around” from one specialist to another.

Common Myths About Psychiatrists
Despite their training and value, psychiatrists are often misunderstood. Let’s clear up a few myths:

• Myth: “Psychiatrists just hand out pills.”
  Reality: Most psychiatrists spend a significant portion of time listening, educating, and problem-solving. Medications are just one tool among many.
• Myth: “You only need a psychiatrist if you're ‘crazy.’”
  Reality: Many people see psychiatrists for stress, anxiety, sleep problems, grief, or relationship issues. You don’t have to be in crisis to benefit.
• Myth: “Seeing a psychiatrist means you’ll be on meds forever.”
  Reality: Many people take medication for a short time to stabilize symptoms, then taper off under supervision.

When Should You See a Psychiatrist?
Here are some signs it might be time to consult a psychiatrist:

• You’ve been feeling sad, anxious, or irritable for more than two weeks
• You’re having trouble sleeping, eating, or concentrating
• You’ve lost interest in things you used to enjoy
• Therapy hasn’t worked on its own
• You’re using substances to cope with emotional pain
• You’re having thoughts of hurting yourself or others

The earlier you seek care, the better the outcomes tend to be. Mental health conditions are highly treatable when addressed early.

Real-Life Example: Jessica’s Story
Jessica, a 34-year-old teacher, started experiencing panic attacks and insomnia after a difficult breakup. She tried seeing a counselor but didn’t improve much. Eventually, she saw a psychiatrist who diagnosed her with generalized anxiety disorder.

Her psychiatrist recommended a combination of an SSRI (a common type of antidepressant) and cognitive behavioral therapy. After two months, her panic attacks stopped. She continued therapy and slowly tapered off the medication after a year. Jessica now sleeps well and enjoys life again.

Stories like Jessica’s are common, and they illustrate how psychiatrist-led care can lead to meaningful recovery.

Access to Psychiatrists: What Are Your Options?

You can find psychiatrists in:

• Private practices
• Community mental health centers
• University hospitals
• Telepsychiatry services (online psychiatry)

At our clinic, Your Family Psychiatrist in Houston, we specialize in compassionate, evidence-based care. We offer both in-person and virtual appointments and treat children, teens, and adults.

We understand that reaching out can be hard. But taking that first step can make all the difference.

A Smart First Step Toward Mental Wellness
Psychiatrists are highly trained medical doctors who offer comprehensive mental health care. From accurate diagnosis to tailored medication management and therapy, psychiatrist-led care has been shown to lead to better outcomes than care without psychiatric oversight.

If you or someone you care about is struggling emotionally, a psychiatrist can help get you back on track. You don’t have to do this alone.  You don’t have to wait until things get worse.

Take the first step. Your mental health matters.